近日，一则‘男子被狗咬伤，次日狗死亡，伤者紧急接种狂犬病疫苗’的新闻引发公众关注。此类事件凸显了狂犬病防控的重要性。狂犬病是一种由狂犬病毒引起的急性传染病，一旦发病，几乎100%致死。但若在暴露后及时规范处置，包括彻底清洗伤口、注射狂犬病疫苗和必要时使用狂犬病免疫球蛋白，可有效预防发病。根据我国《狂犬病暴露预防处置专家共识》，若咬人动物在10日内死亡或出现异常行为，应视为高风险暴露，必须立即完成全程疫苗接种。本例中，狗在咬人后次日死亡，无法进行隔离观察，因此该男子属于Ⅲ级暴露，需立即处理伤口并接种疫苗及免疫球蛋白。专家提醒，被动物咬伤或抓伤后，无论伤口大小，都应第一时间用肥皂水和流动清水冲洗至少15分钟，并尽快前往正规医疗机构接受评估与处置。切勿抱有侥幸心理，延误最佳预防时机。同时，宠物主人应依法为犬只接种狂犬疫苗，从源头降低传播风险。
Recently, a news report about a man who was bitten by a dog that died the next day has drawn public attention, prompting him to urgently receive rabies vaccinations. This incident highlights the critical importance of rabies prevention and control. Rabies is an acute viral disease that is nearly 100% fatal once symptoms appear. However, if proper post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is administered promptly—including thorough wound cleansing, rabies vaccination, and, when necessary, rabies immunoglobulin—the disease can be effectively prevented.According to China’s Expert Consensus on Rabies Post-Exposure Prevention and Management, if the biting animal dies or shows abnormal behavior within 10 days, the exposure is considered high-risk, requiring immediate completion of the full vaccine course. In this case, since the dog died the day after the bite and could not be observed, the man was classified as having a Category III exposure, necessitating immediate wound care, vaccination, and administration of rabies immunoglobulin.Experts advise that any animal bite or scratch—no matter how minor—should be immediately rinsed with soap and running water for at least 15 minutes, followed by prompt medical evaluation at a qualified facility. Delaying treatment due to complacency can be life-threatening. Additionally, pet owners are legally obligated to vaccinate their dogs against rabies to reduce transmission risks at the source.
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